The principal injunctions of the Koran on Moslem women are as follows:

II/223:
Your women are a filth for you (to cultivate) so go to your filth as ye will, and send (good deeds) before you for your souls, and fear Allah, and know that ye will tone day) meet Him. Give glad tidings to believers, O Muhammad).

IV/23:
Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothersin-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in- but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters)- and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what bath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.

IV/15:
As for those of your women who are guilty of lewdness, call to witness four of you against them. And if they testify (to the truth of the allegation) then confine them to the houses until death take them or (until) Allah appoint for them a way (through new legislation).

II/230:
And if he bath divorced her (the third time), then she is not lawful unto him thereafter until she bath wedded another husband. Then if he (the other husband) divorce her it is no sin for both of them that they come together again if they consider that they are able to observe the limits of Allah. These are the limits of Allah. He manifesteth them for people who have knowledge.

II/221:
Wed not idolatresses till they believe; for lo! a believeing bondwoman is better than an idolatress though she please you; and give not your daughters in marriage to idolaters till they believe, for lo! a believing slave is better than an idolater though he please you. These invite unto the Fire, and Allah inviteth unto the Garden, and unto forgiveness by His grace, and expoundeth thus His revelations to mankind that haply they may remember.

IV/34:
Men are in charge of women, because Allah bath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah bath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge [1] them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High Exalted, Great.

XXIII/1-11:
Successful indeed are the believers Who are humble in their prayers, And who shun vain conversation, And who are payers of the poor-due; And who guard their modesty Save from their wives or the (slaves) that their right [2] hands possess, for then they are not blameworthy,

But whoso craveth beyond that, such are transgressors
And who are shepherds of their pledge and their covenant,
And who pay heed to their prayers. These are the heirs
Who will inherit Paradise. There they will abide.

XXIV/6-7:
As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;

And yet a fifth, invoking the curse of Allah on him if he is of those who lie.

XXIV/60:
As for women past child-bearing, who have no hope of marriage, it is no sin for them if they discard their (outer) clothing in such a way as not to show adornment but to refrain is better for them. Allah is Hearer, Knower.

LX/10:
O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is best aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for the disbelievers, nor are the disbelievers lawful for them. And give the disbelivers that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let the disbelievers ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgement of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.
 

Note: Ghazzali, the renowned Islamic thinker had summed the eighteen pains that had been visited on Moslem women as a punishment of Eve's transgression in Paradise. The list eloquently shows the position of women in Islam and how the social customs were backed up by the prophet's religion.

They are: menstruation, childbirth, separation from parents to get married to a stranger, pregnancy, not having control over her own person, smaller share in inheritance, liability to get divorced and inability to divorce herself, having only one husband at a time while the husband can have four wives at the same time not counting the concubines, having to keep her head covered within the four walls, having to stay secluded within the four walls, her testimony having only half the strength of a man's testimony, not being able to go out alone but only when accompanied by a near relative, not being able to take part in Friday and festive day prayers and at funerals, not being able to serve as a judge or ruler, having to wait four months and ten days after the death of a husband before remarrying [3] , having to wait three months after getting divorced by a husband before remarrying, having very little merit when compared to men and having half the sentence of punishment for profligacy [4] when compared to that of a man.

Footnotes

1. N.J. Dawood's Koran tanslates 'scourge' es 'beet'.
2. 'right hand' signifies 'won in battle by force of arms'.
3. the waiting period is to ensure that the woman does not carry the child of the dead husband or the husband that divorced her.
4. this punishment is really a relief instead of a 'pain'.